R Graphics Cookbook Chapter 8

Axes

Section 8.1. Swapping X- and Y- Axes

# Figure 8-1
ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(group, weight)) + geom_boxplot()

ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(group, weight)) + geom_boxplot() + coord_flip()

# Figure 8-2
ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(group, weight)) + geom_boxplot() + coord_flip() +
  scale_x_discrete(limits = rev(levels(PlantGrowth$group)))

Section 8.2. Setting the Range of a Continuous Axis

# Figure 8-3
p <- ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(group, weight)) + geom_boxplot()
p

p + ylim(0, max(PlantGrowth$weight))

# Figure 8-4
p + scale_y_continuous(limits = c(5, 6.5))

p + coord_cartesian(ylim = c(5, 6.5))

# Figure 8-5
p + expand_limits(y = 0)

Section 8.3. Reversing a Continuous Axis

# Figure 8-6
ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(group, weight)) + geom_boxplot() + scale_y_reverse()

# Figure 8-7
ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(group, weight)) + geom_boxplot() + scale_y_reverse(limits = c(8,0))

Section 8.4. Changing the Order of Items on a Categorial Axis

# Figure 8-8
p + scale_x_discrete(limits = c("trt1", "crtl", "trt2"))

p + scale_x_discrete(limits = c("crtl", "trt1"))

# Figure 8-9
p + scale_x_discrete(limits = rev(levels(PlantGrowth$group)))

Section 8.5. Setting the the Scaling Ratio of the X- and Y-Axes

# Figure 8-10
sp <- ggplot(marathon, aes(Half, Full)) + geom_point()
sp + coord_fixed() + 
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 420, 30)) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 420, 30))

# Figure 8-11
sp + coord_fixed(ratio = 1/2) + 
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 420, 30)) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 420, 15))

Section 8.6. Setting the Position of Tick Marks

# Figure 8-12
p + scale_y_continuous(breaks = c(4, 4.25, 4.5, 5, 6, 8))

# Figure 8-13
p + scale_x_discrete(limits = c("trt2", "ctrl"), breaks = "ctrl")

Section 8.7. Removing Tick Marks and Labels

# Figure 8-14
p + theme(axis.text.y = element_blank())

p + theme(axis.ticks = element_blank(), axis.text.y = element_blank())

p + scale_y_continuous(breaks = NULL)

Section 8.8. Changing the Text of Tick Labels

# Figure 8-15
hwp <- ggplot(heightweight, aes(ageYear, heightIn)) +
  geom_point()
hwp + scale_y_continuous(breaks = c(50, 56, 60, 66, 72),
                         labels = c("Tiny", "Really\nshort", "Short",
                                    "Medium", "Tallish"))

# Figure 8-16
footinch_formatter <- function(x) {
  foot <- floor(x/12)
  inch <- x %% 12
  return(paste(foot, " ' ", inch, "\"", sep = ""))
}
hwp + scale_y_continuous(labels = footinch_formatter)

hwp + scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(48, 72, 4), labels = footinch_formatter)

Section 8.9. Changing the Appearance of Tick Labels

# Figure 8-17
bp <- p + scale_x_discrete(breaks = c("ctrl", "trt1", "trt2"),
                           labels = c("Control", "Treatment 1", "Treatment 2"))
bp

bp + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust = 0.5))

bp + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 30, hjust = 1, vjust = 1))

# Figure 8-18
bp + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(family = "Times", face = "italic",
                                      color = "darkred", size = rel(0.9)))

Section 8.10. Changing the Text of Axis Labels

# Figure 8-19
hwp <- ggplot(heightweight, aes(ageYear, heightIn, color = sex)) +
  geom_point()
hwp

hwp + xlab("Age in years") + ylab("Height in inches")

# Figure 8-20
hwp + scale_x_continuous(name = "Age\n(years)")

Section 8.11. Removing Axis Labels

# Figure 8-21
p + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())

Section 8.12. Changing the Appearance of Axis Labels

# Figure 8-22
hwp <- ggplot(heightweight, aes(ageYear, heightIn)) + geom_point()
hwp + theme(axis.title.x = element_text(face = "italic", color = "darkred", size = 14))

# Figure 8-23
hwp + ylab("Height\n(inches)") +
  theme(axis.title.y = element_text(angle = 0, face = "italic", size = 14))

Section 8.13. Showing Lines Along the Axis

# Figure 8-24
hwp + theme(axis.line = element_line(color = "black"))

hwp + theme_bw() +
  theme(panel.border = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "black"))

# Figure 8-25
hwp + theme_bw() +
  theme(panel.border = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "black", size = 4))

hwp + theme_bw() +
  theme(panel.border = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(color = "black", size = 4, lineend = "square"))

Section 8.14. Using a Logarhithmic Axis

# Figure 8-26
p <- ggplot(Animals, aes(body, brain, label = rownames(Animals))) +
  geom_text(size = 3)
p

p + scale_x_log10() + scale_y_log10()

# Figure 8-27
p + scale_x_log10(breaks = 10^(-1:5)) + scale_y_log10(breaks = 10^(0:3))

p + scale_x_log10(breaks = 10^(-1:5),
                  labels = trans_format("log10", math_format(10^.x))) + 
    scale_y_log10(breaks = 10^(0:3),
                  labels = trans_format("log10", math_format(10^.x)))

# Figure 8-28
ggplot(Animals, aes(log10(body), log10(brain), label = rownames(Animals))) +
  geom_text(size = 3)

# Figure 8-29
p + scale_x_continuous(trans = log_trans(),
                       breaks = trans_breaks("log", function(x) exp(x)),
                       labels = trans_format("log", math_format(e^.x))) +
    scale_y_continuous(trans = log2_trans(),
                       breaks = trans_breaks("log2", function(x) 2^x),
                       labels = trans_format("log2", math_format(2^.x)))

# Figure 8-30
ggplot(aapl, aes(date, adj_price)) + geom_line()

ggplot(aapl, aes(date, adj_price)) + geom_line() +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = c(2, 10, 50, 250))

Section 8.15. Adding Ticks for a Logarhithmic Axis

# Figure 8-31
p + annotation_logticks() +
  scale_x_log10(breaks = trans_breaks("log10", function(x) 10^x),
                labels = trans_format("log10", math_format(10^.x))) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = trans_breaks("log10", function(x) 10^x),
                labels = trans_format("log10", math_format(10^.x)))

# Figure 8-32
p + annotation_logticks() +
  scale_x_log10(breaks = trans_breaks("log10", function(x) 10^x),
                labels = trans_format("log10", math_format(10^.x)),
                minor_breaks = log10(5) + -2:5) +
  scale_y_log10(breaks = trans_breaks("log10", function(x) 10^x),
                labels = trans_format("log10", math_format(10^.x)),
                minor_breaks = log10(5) + -1:3) +
  coord_fixed() +
  theme_bw()

Section 8.16. Making a Circular Graph

# Figure 8-33
ggplot(wind, aes(DirCat, fill = SpeedCat)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 15, origin = -7.5) +
  coord_polar() +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 360))

# Figure 8-34
ggplot(wind, aes(DirCat, fill = SpeedCat)) +
  geom_histogram(binwidth = 15, origin = -7.5, color = "black", size = 0.25) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(reverse = TRUE)) +
  coord_polar() +
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 360), breaks = seq(0, 360, by = 45),
                     minor_breaks = seq(0, 360, by = 15)) +
  scale_fill_brewer()

# Figure 8-35
md <- data.frame(deaths = as.numeric(mdeaths),
                 month = as.numeric(cycle(mdeaths)))
md <- ddply(md, "month", summarize, deaths = mean(deaths))
p <- ggplot(md, aes(month, deaths)) + geom_line() +
     scale_x_continuous(breaks = 1:12)
p + coord_polar()

p + coord_polar() + ylim(0, max(md$deaths))

# Figure 8-36
p + coord_polar() + ylim(0, max(md$deaths)) + xlim(0, 12)

## Scale for 'x' is already present. Adding another scale for 'x', which
## will replace the existing scale.

mdx <- md[md$month == 12, ]
mdx$month <- 0
mdnew <- rbind(mdx, md)
p %+% mdnew + coord_polar() + ylim(0, max(md$deaths))

Section 8.17. Using Dates on an Axis

# Figure 8-37
ggplot(economics, aes(date, psavert)) + geom_line()

# Figure 8-38
econ <- subset(economics, date >= as.Date("1992-05-01") &
                          date < as.Date("1993-06-01"))
p <- ggplot(econ, aes(date, psavert)) + geom_line()
p

datebreaks <- seq(as.Date("1992-06-01"), as.Date("1993-06-01"), by = "2 month")
p + scale_x_date(breaks = datebreaks) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 30, hjust = 1))

# Figure 8-39
p + scale_x_date(breaks = datebreaks, labels = date_format("%Y %b")) +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 30, hjust = 1))

Section 8.18. Using Relative Times on an Axis

# Figure 8.40
www <- data.frame(minute = as.numeric(time(WWWusage)),
                  users  = as.numeric(WWWusage))
timeHM_formatter <- function(x) {
  h <- floor(x/60)
  m <- floor(x %% 60)
  lab <- sprintf("%d:%02d", h, m)
  return(lab)
}
ggplot(www, aes(minute, users)) + geom_line()

ggplot(www, aes(minute, users)) + geom_line() +
  scale_x_continuous(name = "time", breaks = seq(0, 100, by = 10),
                     labels = timeHM_formatter)

END!

R Graphics Cookbook Chapter 8

Bowen W. Jones

2018-03-16

Axes

Section 8.1. Swapping X- and Y- Axes

Section 8.2. Setting the Range of a Continuous Axis

Section 8.3. Reversing a Continuous Axis

Section 8.4. Changing the Order of Items on a Categorial Axis

Section 8.5. Setting the the Scaling Ratio of the X- and Y-Axes

Section 8.6. Setting the Position of Tick Marks

Section 8.7. Removing Tick Marks and Labels

Section 8.8. Changing the Text of Tick Labels

Section 8.9. Changing the Appearance of Tick Labels

Section 8.10. Changing the Text of Axis Labels

Section 8.11. Removing Axis Labels

Section 8.12. Changing the Appearance of Axis Labels

Section 8.13. Showing Lines Along the Axis

Section 8.14. Using a Logarhithmic Axis

Section 8.15. Adding Ticks for a Logarhithmic Axis

Section 8.16. Making a Circular Graph

Section 8.17. Using Dates on an Axis

Section 8.18. Using Relative Times on an Axis